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          Android SELinux 系列(一) 背景，作用，原理
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            <div class="post-description">在ROM移植过程中, 卡在启动流程里，是最难受的事， 没有串口调试，拿不到相关的日志，只能靠猜，SELinux 的配置，是否会导致启动不起来呢？ 最后的结果是，靠猜并没有解决启动问题，因为可能出问题的环节太多了，此次研究raw socket 调用同样也遇到SEAndroid 的问题, 但借此机会，系统的学习一上SEAndroid, SELinux 是有必要的。</div>

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        <h2 id="Android-SELinux"><a href="#Android-SELinux" class="headerlink" title="Android SELinux"></a>Android SELinux</h2><p><a href="https://source.android.com/security/selinux/customize" target="_blank" rel="noopener">android seolicy 官方文档</a></p>
<p>sepolicy.te 文件使用的是<a href="https://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/m4/manual/m4-1.4.18/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">M4语言</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/blogs-of-lxl/p/7515023.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SELinux 简析与修改</a></p>
<h3 id="是什么"><a href="#是什么" class="headerlink" title="是什么"></a>是什么</h3><p>SELinux, 是为了加强系统安全<br>    强制控制访问(MAC), 强制使用管理员定义的安全策略，基于安全上下文或标签, 鉴权所有的进程，对象和操作。用来校验服务和应用的权限。</p>
<p>SEAndroid<br>    SELinux for Android<br>    所有的进程，对象和操作，都得强制控制访问。 </p>
<h3 id="为什么"><a href="#为什么" class="headerlink" title="为什么"></a>为什么</h3><p>所有的进程，对象，操作，如何统一强制控制访问的? </p>
<pre><code>`user:role:type:level`, 定义此类标签，linux下一切皆文件操作</code></pre><p>为何要编译成二进制文件?<br>    省空间吗？ 字符串使用ascii编码不是一样吗？<br>    不仅仅是字符串，是可执行指令？ 使用m4宏解释器执行？ </p>
<pre><code>二进制文件空间占用小， 解析速度快。主要是二进制文件必须得设计格式(协议)，然后只保留有用信息，然后直接按格式（协议)解析即可
编译成二进制的过程类似于网络通信的协议， 将接口数据序列化成二进制流，反序列化就是再还原协议数据的过程。 

R.java文件id格式`0XPPTTEEEE`, PP为package_id, 即ResTable_package数据结构中的id, TT为type_id, 即ResTable_typeSpec数据结构中的id, EEEE 为entry_id, 按先后顺序自动排列。</code></pre><p>宏命令/方法在哪里找? </p>
<pre><code>m4宏一般用作文本替换工具。 

[GNU M4 官方文档](https://www.gnu.org/savannah-checkouts/gnu/m4/manual/m4-1.4.18/m4.html#Names)
将宏编译成二进制文件也是与资源文件类似的思想, 省空间, 便于解析。 </code></pre><h3 id="怎么做"><a href="#怎么做" class="headerlink" title="怎么做"></a>怎么做</h3><p>如何新增一个进程的权限访问</p>
<pre><code>根据avc报错日志，在对应的te文件中添加相应的规则</code></pre><p>Android又是如何检测到api调用的</p>
<pre><code>修改了te文件, 再编译，如果系统对某些api做了限制，同样会有avc报错， 再根据日志去到相应的文件去掉限制即可。 

所以无论是系统移植， 还是开发，日志很有用，耐下心看日志， 可以解决大部分的问题</code></pre><h3 id="术语"><a href="#术语" class="headerlink" title="术语"></a>术语</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">术语</th>
<th align="center">描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">Access Vector (AV)</td>
<td align="center">权限集字典(如 open, write, read)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Access Vector Cache (AVC)</td>
<td align="center">SELinux Security Server 创建的一个存储访问判定的组件, 后续由 Object Manager 使用, 此组件允许以前的决定可以重新恢复而不必重新计算, 在SELinux services 中有两种AVC: \</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">1. 内核AVC缓存基于Security Server 由内核Object managers 创建的判定\</td>
<td align="center"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">2. 编译到libselinux的用户空间AVC 缓存由SELinux-aware 调用avc_open, avc_has_perm, avc_has_perm_noaudit 方法创建的判定</td>
<td align="center"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Domain</td>
<td align="center">由一个或多个关联类型组件Security Context 的进程组成。Type Enforcement 规则声明domain 如何与对象交互(查看Object Class)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Linux Security Module (LSM)</td>
<td align="center">此框架提供了hook到内核组件(如disk, network services), 由安全模块用来执行访问控制检测。 现在只有一个LSM模块可被加载， 然而工作中需要入栈多个模块</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Mandatory Access Control</td>
<td align="center">系统加强的访问控制机制</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Multi-Level Security (MLS)</td>
<td align="center">基于Bell-La &amp; Padula(BLP)模型加强机密性。如一个运行在’机密’级的程序可以在其当前级别读/写，但只能读其更低层级别，可以写更高层级别(越低权限越大?)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Object Class</td>
<td align="center">描述一个资源, 如files，sockets, services. 每一个’class’ 都有合适的权限去读、写、导出这些资源. 这可以强制通过Object Manager 访问它们的实例对象</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Object Manager</td>
<td align="center">用户空间和内核组件, 负责打标签，管理(如创建，访问，销毁)和强制控制class对象的访问</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Policy</td>
<td align="center">决定访问权限的规则集合. 在SELinux中， 这些规则通常使用支持<code>m4</code>宏的内核策略语言或新的CIL语言编写。然后这些策略被编译成二进制格式加载到Security Server</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Role Based Access Control</td>
<td align="center">SELinux 用户关联着一个或多个角色, 每个角色又可能关联着一个或多个Domain类型</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Security Server</td>
<td align="center">一个Linux内核子系统, 代表SELinux-aware的应用和Object Managers 基于Policy制定访问决策和计算安全上下文, 安全中心不强制决策，它仅仅根据Policy标记一个操作是否被允许. 强制决策是SELinux-aware应用或Object Manager的责任。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Security Context</td>
<td align="center">SELinux 安全上下文是一个变长的字符串，由以下命令组件组成: <code>user:role:type[:range]</code>, 其中range是可选的. 安全上下文一般简称上下文，有时也叫标签</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Security Identifier(SID)</td>
<td align="center">SID 是由内核安全中心和用户空间AVC映射的代表一个安全上下文的唯一不透明整数值</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Type Enforcement</td>
<td align="center">安全策略配置文件, SELinux 利用一种特定风格的TE强制实施强制访问控制</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">DAC</td>
<td align="center">Discretionary Access Control, 自主访问控制</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">&lt;++&gt;</td>
<td align="center">&lt;++&gt;</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 id="安全策略配置文件"><a href="#安全策略配置文件" class="headerlink" title="安全策略配置文件"></a>安全策略配置文件</h3><p>file_context:    记载了不同目录初始化的SContext， 和object_r有关<br>seapp_context:    和应用程序打标签有关<br>property_contexts:    和属性服务(property_service)有关, 为不同的属性打标签 </p>
<p>编译流程是怎么样的，为何要打标签?</p>
<p>作用范围 </p>
<pre><code>文件操作，接口调用， 功能特性</code></pre><h3 id="文档"><a href="#文档" class="headerlink" title="文档"></a>文档</h3><p><a href="http://selinuxproject.org/page/ObjectClassesPerms" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Object Class 和 Permissions</a></p>

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